average grades

средний балл

['ævrɪʤ]

[greɪd] 1. сущ. - excellent grade
- failing grade
- fair grade
- mediocre grade
- passing grade 2. гл.

ɡreid
1. noun
2. verb - grader
- grade school
- make the grade

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II
[ɡreɪd] GRADE En Estados Unidos y Canadá, los cursos escolares se denominan grades, desde el primer año de primaria first grade hasta el último curso de la enseñanza secundaria 12th grade. A los alumnos de los últimos cursos se les suele conocer por un nombre distinto según el curso en el que estén: freshmen si están en el 9th grade, sophomores si están en el 10th grade, juniors en el 11th grade y seniors en el 12th grade.

I [greɪd]
II

♦ grade /greɪd/ NOTA D'USO: - grades o degrees?- (to) grade /greɪd/ FALSI AMICI: to grade non significa gradire.

Flax, Broken - Scutched flax which is less than 20-in. long and therefore unfit for hackling in the spinning mill. Flax, C.D. and T. - Graders' marks which denote the type of scutched flax: c (chaine) to represent warps, D (demi) to represent medium warps, and T (trame) to represent wefts. Flax, Green, or Natural - Scutched flax produced from de-seeded straw without any intermediate treatment such as retting. Flax, Line - The hackled flax produced by a hackling machine or hand hackling. A term sometimes erroneously applied to scutched flax. Flax, Retted - Scutched flax produced from straw which has been retted. Usually divided into three main classes, namely, water retted flax, dew retted flax, and chemically retted flax. Flax, Scutched - The product from the delivery end of a scutching machine or from scutching flax straw on a wheel. It consists of the long fibre strands in a parallel condition and substantially free from wood and other extraneous material. The yield of scutched flax is commonly expressed as stones (14-lb.) per acre, but in Ireland it is sometimes expressed as stones per peck of seed sown. The average yield per acre of scutched flax has varied according to year from about 20 stones per acre to 40 stones per acre, with occasional exceptional yields of 80 and 90 stones per acre. Grader, Flax - The man who places the scutched flaxes in their appropriate grades of quality by eye judgment and feel. Grades, Flax - Tank retted flaxes are graded from A through the alphabet in ascending order of value. Dam retted flaxes are graded from 1-7 in descending order of value. Dew retted flaxes are graded 0-6 in descending order of value. Grades, Tow - Green tow is graded 1-8 and then 9a, 9b, Z, Z₂, and beater tow in descending order of value. Tank retted tow is graded I, II, III, 1, 2, 3, 3X, 3XXX, in descending order, whilst dam and dew retted tows are I, II, II, 1, 2, 3. Pluckings - The short, clean fibre produced at the end of the scutching machine where the operatives dress and square the pieces of flax ready for selection. In grading pluckings are classed as tow (q.v.). Root Ends, Straw - The broken-off roots which fall from the straw under the breaking rollers. Rug, Scutching - All the detritus which falls below the two compartments of the scutching machine after the shives have been shaken out of it, or the waste made when producing scutched flax on a wheel. It consists of partly scutched short straws, broken straws, weeds, and beater tow. It is classed as root end rug or top end rug, according to which end of the flax it comes from. Selection - The preliminary sorting of the scutched flax into main grades at the delivery end of the scutching machine. Shives - The short pieces of woody waste beaten from the straw during scutching. Tow - Any substantially clean but tossed and tangled flax fibre of less than scutched flax length. Tow Baling - The operation of making-up tow into bales. Tow, Beater - Short, fine, clean fibres which fall from the last third of the compartments during scutching. Tow, Inferior low grade (Green) - Green tow of a grade lower than 9a. Tow, Inferior low grade (Retted) - Retted tow of a grade lower than 3XXX. Tow, Machine, or Cast - Tow produced by the hackling machine. Tow, Rejected - Tow unsuitable for spinning on flax tow machinery. Tow, Rescutched - Two scutched on tow handles or a tow scutching machine. Tow, Rolled - The product from passing scutching rug through tow rollers and highspeed shaker. Tow, Rolled and Beaten - The product from passing scutching rug through tow rollers and beaters, and a high-speed shaker. The principal flax markets of the world are at Courtrai, Bruges, Ghent, Lokeren and Zele in Belgium; Rotterdam in Holland; Riga in Latvia; Leningrad, Pernau and Witebek in Russia; Douai and Flines in France; Newry, Rathfriland, Strabane, Ballymoney, Lisnaskea, Ballybay and Armagh in Ireland. Courtrai flax is the finest produced. It is uniform in fibre, strong, clean and of a good colour. Yarns up to 200's lea are spun from it. Irish flax comes next in spinning qualities from 90's to 120's lea are produced. As a warp yarn it is much preferred as the strength is greater than other types. Flemish flax is dark in colour, dryer than others, strong, and can be spun up to 120's lea. Dutch flax is clean, good colour and spins into yams up to 90's lea. Russian flax is coarser than the above types and is usually spun up to about 70's lea.

[greɪd] 1. 2. 3.

•• Распространенное слово, особенно в Америке. Так, grade school – это начальная школа. Grade одновременно и класс (My son is in first grade), и оценка (He gets good grades). В США оценки выставляются при помощи букв (А соответствует нашей «пятерке», В – «четверке» и т.д.). Grade point average – средний балл – учитывается при приеме в университет или колледж. Вступительных экзаменов по существу нет, проходит лишь нечто напоминающее наш «конкурс аттестатов», причем абитуриенты посылают свои документы только в те университеты, куда, как они чувствуют по своим оценкам, у них есть шанс пройти. Вообще все значения этого слова (оценка, качество, уровень и т.п.), несомненно, растут из одного смыслового корня. Интересно словосочетание из финансовой сферы investment grade, например, investment grade bonds – облигации высокого (инвестиционного) качества (в отличие от junk bonds – бросовые, «барахляные» облигации ненадежных эмитентов). Интересны и фразеологизмы со словом grade. Например, если о сотруднике говорят He doesn’t quite make the grade, то это ближе всего к русскому Он не тянет.

- grade point average
- grade school
- make the grade

Bart - See sheigh, etc. Beet - A bundle or sheaf of tied flax crop or straw. Boll, Flax in - The growing flax when the seed capsules have formed. Braird (n. or v.) - Flax in the seedling stage. To germinate in the field. Butt (v.) - To level the root ends of straw at any stage by vibrating it upright on a flat surface either by hand or mechanically. Crop, Flax - Flax at any stage before it is processed. A fair average flax crop would be 2 tons per acre of air dried crop, yielding 10 per cent of clean seed and 10 per cent of scutched flax. But it should be remembered that the actual long fibre content of the straw averages 20 per cent. D.N.O.C. - A proprietary spraying mixture used as a weedicide on flax. Drill, Flax - A sowing machine made primarily for sowing flax in narrow rows at an appropriate rate. Fiddle - A sowing box with a hand-worked distributor for sowing flax and other seeds broadcast. Frandy - See Sheigh, etc. Gait - A large handful of loose, pulled flax stood up on end in a cone form to dry. See also Retting. Grades - Under the Ministry of Supply home flax scheme, flax crop is graded 1, 1X, 2, 2X, 3, 3X, or for seed and tow only in descending order of quality. Lodge - A lodged crop is one bent or laid flat by the weather. Pulling - The operation of harvesting flax by pulling it from the ground. It may be hand pulled or machine pulled. Pulling Machine - Any type of harvesting machine which pulls flax by mechanical means and delivers it either loose or tied in beets (q.v.). Sheigh, Frandy, Bart, Windrow - Local names for forms of compound stocks where a number of beets are built up and usually roughly thatched as an intermediate stage between stooking and stacking. Shock, or Stook - To set up a number (usually six a side) of beets in inverted ??? form to dry. Stook - See Shock or Stook. Weeds - The chief weeds in flax and their local names are: Charlock, Carlick or Preshaugh (Brassica Sinapis); Wild Radish, White Charlock, or White Carlick (Raphanus Raphanistrum); Poppy or Redweed (Papaver Rhoeas); Knotweed, Knotgrass, or Crabgrass (Poly-gonum aviculare); Good King Henry or Fathen (Chenopodium sp.); Persicaria or Redshank ( Polygonum Persicaria); Bine or Bindweed (Convolvulus sp. or Polygonum Convolvulus.) Windrow - See sheigh, etc.